DLH25

DLH25 – ACAP LH2 Research Baseline

The DLH25 introduces several advancements compared to today’s short-haul aircraft. The most notable one is its use of liquid hydrogen (LH2) as its primary energy source, instead of kerosene. To improve aerodynamic efficiency, the aircraft features an extended wingspan of 45 metres (instead of the usual 36 metres). This reducies drag and enhancesperformance.

The wing structure is made from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, a lightweight material that helps to lower the overall mass of the aircraft without compromising strength. Additionally, the DLH25 is equipped with an ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan engine, which significantly improves fuel efficiency and reduces emissions compared to traditional engines.

Hydrogen fuel tanks are integrated into the rear fuselage, instead of into the wing as it is usually the case with kerosene.

By providing a common LH2 aircraft definitionit the DLH25 concept contributes to advancing sustainable aviation technologies.

The most important differences to today’s short-haul aircraft are:
  1. Liquid Hydrogen as an energy carrier.
  2. Increased wing span (45.0m) for improved aerodynamic efficiency.
  3. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) wing structure to reduce wing mass.
  4. Ultra-high bypass ratio (15) turbofan engine.



Advantages

  • ⬆️ High climate impact reduction potential
  • ⬆️ Potentially economically advantageous compared to aircraft operated with synthetic kerosene

Challenges

  • ➡️ Global implementation of LH2 necessary
  • ➡️ Rather high uncertainties in the cryogenic storage and processing systems in mass, volume, production costs, maintenance efforts and lifetime
  • ➡️ Economically challenging depending on the LH2 costs
  • ➡️ Foam insulation of the tank architecture might be too ambitious for 2035
  • ➡️ Efficiency penalties on short haul operation due to high design range of 4630km

Project & Partners

This aircraft concept has been developed to support various research initiatives, including Clean Aviation by the European Union, Germany’s federal aviation research programme LuFo Klima and DLR internal projects.

Outlook

The aircraft concept is currently developed further at a more detailed level as part of the Clean Aviation project SMR ACAP, with an updated version anticipated at the end of the project in 2026. This will include latest technology findings.

Key Characteristics

Name Unit Value
Design Range NM (km) 2500 (4630)
Design Passenger Capacity - 239
Design Cruise Mach Number - 0.78
Max. Take-Off Mass (MTOM) t 93.4
Max. Landing Mass t 88.3
Maximum Zero-Fuel Mass t 87.0
Operating Empty Mass (OEM) t 62.0
Maximum Fuel Mass t 6.5
Max. Payload t 25
Wing Area 158.0
Wing Span m 45.0
Mean Aerodynamic Chord m 4.3
Wing Loading (@ MTOM) kg/m² 591.3
Thrust-to-Weight Ratio (@ ISA) - 0.331
Engine Type - Turbofan
Thrust (Sea Level Static, ISA) kN 151.6

Mass Breakdown


Payload-Range Diagram





References

CONCEPTUAL AIRCRAFT DESIGN OF A RESEARCH BASELINE WITH DIRECT LIQUID HYDROGEN COMBUSTION.
M. Kotzem, S. Wöhler, T. Burschyk, C. Hesse, S. Hellbrück, T. Zill
34th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS), Florence, Italy, 2024.
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Key Characteristics

Research Category Baseline
Entry into Service 2035
Passengers 239
Range (km) 4630
Wing Span (m) 45
Maximum Take-Off Mass (t) 93.4
Cruise Mach Number 0.78
Cruise Speed (km/h) 828.5
Energy Carrier LH2
Energy Consumption 17.9
Total Installed Power (MW) 42.5

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